Energetic cost of feedback control

Energetic cost of feedback control

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Successful feedback control of small systems allows for the rectification of thermal fluctuations, converting them into useful energy; however, control itself requires work.This paper emphasizes the fact that samsung a71 price toronto the controller is a physical entity interacting with the feedback-controlled system.For a specifically designed class of controllers, reciprocal interactions become nonreciprocal due to large timescale separation, which considerably simplifies the situation.We introduce a minimally dissipative controller model, illustrating the findings using a simple example.We find that the work required to run betty boop zombie the controller must at least compensate for the decrease in entropy due to the control operation.